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In Lower Burmese varieties, the verb ပေး ('to give') is colloquially used as a permissive causative marker, like in other Southeast Asian languages, but unlike in other Tibeto-Burman languages. The Mon language has also influenced subtle grammatical differences between the varieties of Burmese spoken in Lower and Upper Burma. Moreover, with regard to kinship terminology, Upper Burmese speakers differentiate the maternal and paternal sides of a family, whereas Lower Burmese speakers do not.

The most noticeable feature of the Mandalay dialect is its use of the first person pronoun ကျွန်တော်, kya.nau by both men and women, whereas in Yangon, the said pronoun is used only by male speakers while ကျွန်မ, kya.ma. In the past, the Mandalay dialect represented standard Burmese. The standard dialect is represented by the Yangon dialect because of the modern city's media influence and economic clout. For instance, for the term ဆွမ်း, "food offering ", Lower Burmese speakers use instead of, which is the pronunciation used in Upper Burma. Minor lexical and pronunciation differences exist throughout the Irrawaddy River valley.

Regional differences between speakers from Upper Burma (e.g., Mandalay dialect), called anya tha ( အညာသား) and speakers from Lower Burma (e.g., Yangon dialect), called auk tha ( အောက်သား), largely occur in vocabulary choice, not in pronunciation. The standard dialect of Burmese (the Mandalay- Yangon dialect continuum) comes from the Irrawaddy River valley. Spoken Burmese is remarkably uniform among Burmese speakers, particularly those living in the Irrawaddy valley, all of whom use variants of Standard Burmese. However, several Burmese dialects differ substantially from standard Burmese with respect to vocabulary, lexical particles, and rhymes.

Tanintharyi Region: Merguese (Myeik, Beik), Tavoyan (Dawei), and PalawĪrakanese (Rakhine) in Rakhine State and Marma in Bangladesh are also sometimes considered dialects of Burmese and sometimes as separate languages.ĭespite vocabulary and pronunciation differences, there is mutual intelligibility among Burmese dialects, as they share a common set of tones, consonant clusters, and written script.

The majority of Burmese speakers, who live throughout the Irrawaddy River Valley, use a number of largely similar dialects, while a minority speak non-standard dialects found in the peripheral areas of the country. Burmese was the fifth of the Sino-Tibetan languages to develop a writing system, after Chinese characters, the Pyu script, the Tibetan alphabet, and the Tangut script.

9 Computer fonts and standard keyboard layoutīurmese belongs to the Southern Burmish branch of the Sino-Tibetan languages, of which Burmese is the most widely spoken of the non- Sinitic languages.

The Burmese alphabet is ultimately descended from a Brahmic script, either the Kadamba or Pallava alphabets. It is a member of the Lolo-Burmese grouping of the Sino-Tibetan language family. In 2014 the Burmese population was 36.39 million, and has been estimated at 38.2 million as of April 2020.īurmese is a tonal, pitch-register (as well as social-register), and syllable-timed language, largely monosyllabic and analytic, with a subject–object–verb word order. In 2007, it was spoken as a first language by 33 million, primarily the Burman people and related ethnic groups, and as a second language by 10 million, particularly ethnic minorities in Myanmar and neighboring countries. Although the Constitution of Myanmar officially recognizes the English name of the language as the Myanmar language, most English speakers continue to refer to the language as Burmese, after Burma, the country’s once previous and currently co-official name. Burmese ( Burmese: မြန်မာဘာသာ, MLCTS: mranmabhasa, IPA: ) is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken in Myanmar (also known as Burma) where it is an official language and the language of the Burmans, the country's principal ethnic group.